On Spherical Neutrosophic SuperHyperGraphs And Complex Spherical Neutrosophic SuperHyperGraphs

Abstract

Graph theory offers a fundamental framework for representing and analyzing relationships among entities via vertices and edges. Hypergraphs extend this model by employing hyperedges that can connect multiple vertices simultaneously, enabling the capture of higher-order interactions.
Superhypergraphs generalize hypergraphs further by iteratively applying the powerset operation, thus supporting multi-level and selfreferential connection structures. In this paper, we introduce sphericalneutrosophic extensions based on spherical neutrosophic graphs by defining spherical neutrosophic hypergraphs and spherical neutrosophic superhypergraphs, and we investigate their fundamental properties. As an additional result, by incorporating ideas from complex spherical fuzzy sets, we define complex spherical neutrosophic superhypergraphs and examine their characteristics.